VOWELS
a as in organ r as in written but held twice as long (rare) _ " " father l " " jewelry (rare) i " " bit e " " they _ " " pique ai " " aisle u " " pull o " " bone _ " " rule au " " loud r " " written CONSONANTS Similar pronunciation as in English except for retroflex and aspirated consonants. Retroflex consonants have no English equivalents. To pronounce them, curl back the tip of the tongue and touch the dome of the palate. They are: t, th, d, dh, n. Aspirated consonants are pronounced with a following h sound, (e.g., haphazard or abhor). They are kh, gh, ch, jh, th, dh, th, dh, ph, bh. Other consonants: c as in church, ñ as in canyon, n as in tint, and m as in man. SIBILANTS VISARGA _* as in shall h occuring at the end of a word or syllable is s* retroflex s (tongue back on dome of palate) pronounced as a slight aspiration of preceding s as in so vowel, a sort of echo, e.g., devah as deva(ha), munih as muni(hi). * These translated as sh, for ease of pronunciation.